• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a locking device for an aircraft nacelle comprising a locking member (10) intended to be mounted on a first half-cover of the nacelle cooperating with a retaining member (11) intended to be mounted on a second half-hood of the nacelle, the half-covers being movable relative to each other between a position spaced apart from each other and a close position in which they can be locked to one another by the locking device forming a gap (7) therebetween, the locking device comprising at least one wedging device (18) positioned on the retaining member (11) or the locking member (10), in the area of the gap (7), to calibrate the latter. According to the invention, the wedging device (18) comprises a wedge (3) movable in translation, the travel of the wedge (3) being adjustable when the half-covers are locked to one another so as to the wedge abuts an abutment surface (17) formed on the locking member (10).
    公开号:FR3081444A1
    申请号:FR1854457
    申请日:2018-05-25
    公开日:2019-11-29
    发明作者:Christophe Tari；Patrick Gonidec；David Marcinkiewicz
    申请人:Safran Nacelles SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Locking device for aircraft
    The invention relates to a locking device designed to be arranged in a junction area of a nacelle, a nacelle comprising this locking device and a method of mounting such a nacelle.
    A nacelle is a fairing element used to protect a reactor of an aircraft.
    A nacelle generally has a structure comprising an air inlet upstream of the engine, a middle section intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, a downstream section housing thrust reversing means and intended to surround the combustion chamber of the turbojet engine, and is generally terminated by an ejection nozzle, the outlet of which is located downstream of the turbojet engine.
    The thrust reverser is a device which makes it possible to direct the air flow generated by the turbojet engine towards the front, making it possible both to shorten the landing distance and also to limit the stress on the brakes at the level of the undercarriages.
    The most modern technologies use turbofan engines. In these turbojets, both a flow of hot air said primary flow, and a flow of cold air said secondary flow are generated through the blades of the blower.
    This second so-called cold air flow circulates outside the turbojet engine through an annular passage also called a vein, this vein being formed between a fairing of the turbojet engine and the internal wall of the nacelle.
    In this type of engine, the thrust reverser completely or partially obstructs the flow of cold air flow, in order to redirect this flow towards the front of the nacelle.
    The fan cover and the thrust reverser generally comprise at least a first and a second half-cover mounted so as to be able to rotate on a mast so as to be able to move each between a working position and a maintenance position.
    The two half-covers are linked to each other at a lower junction zone, by means of locking devices.
    A conventional locking device disposed in the junction area of the nacelle comprises a locking member, intended to be mounted on a first half-cover of the nacelle, cooperating with a retaining member intended to be mounted on a second half-cover .
    The locking member is operable between a locked state and an unlocked state with respect to the retainer.
    The locking member and the retaining member are movable relative to each other between a position close to them in which they can be locked relative to each other and a position separated from them.
    Conventionally, the locking member is equipped with a handle and a hook engaging in a lever provided on the retaining member when the half-cowls are locked.
    One of the major functions of the locking member is to preload the structural elements which it brings together by pulling them one against the other and pressing them against their docking interface.
    In addition, in addition to this external structural preload, the locking device can itself undergo additional prestressing, for example to resist without unlocking a strong vibratory atmosphere if the structural preload is insufficient for this.
    Thus to ensure the stability of the structural preload and to allow an additional overload to be applied to the bolt without overloading the locked half caps, it is necessary, after having reached the external structural preload, to wedge the two parts of cover facing the locking device.
    The retaining member comprises for this purpose two interface elements or shims comprising a bearing surface intended to come into contact against a surface forming a stop of the locking member when the latter and the retaining member are in position close.
    These interface elements can be flat or curved stops or dowels in the shape of points provided with a strong shoulder commonly called in English "spigots", which combine their role of stop with that of aligning the two half-covers for allow the locking device to function properly.
    Thus during the integration of the nacelles, it is necessary to carry out the adjustments of different elements of the nacelle between them such as that of the half-cowlings of blowers and half-cowlings of thrust reverser between them.
    As mentioned above, it is necessary to calibrate the interface elements when adjusting the locking devices located at the 6h line in order to compensate for the residual play between the half-covers.
    The usual mounting process includes among others the following steps:
    1) opening the fan and / or reverser half-hoods in the maintenance position,
    2) disassembly of the interface elements of the retaining member,
    3) positioning of plasticine (soft material close to plasticine) at the location of the interface elements,
    4) closing the half-covers by applying the predetermined voltages to the locking devices,
    5) reopening of the half-covers,
    6) measurement of the thickness of the plasticine after its compression between the retaining member and the locking member,
    7) reassembly of the interface elements on the retaining member and according to the measured thickness, adjustment of the length of each interface element with respect to a support supporting the interface elements so that the element d 'interface comes into contact against a surface of the locking member so as to remove the play between the half-covers. To do this, shims such as washers are added between the support and the interface elements,
    8) reclosing of the half-covers,
    9) application of final voltages to the locking devices.
    Such a method of adjusting the interface elements is tedious and comprises a large number of steps.
    This significantly impacts the cost and the assembly time of the nacelle. Typically, such an operating cycle is of the order of 4 to 5 hours.
    The invention aims to solve all or part of these drawbacks by proposing a locking device intended to be placed in a junction area or interstice of an aircraft nacelle making it possible to simplify the setting of nacelle half-caps between them.
    The invention therefore relates to a locking device for an aircraft nacelle comprising a locking member intended to be mounted on a first half-cover of the nacelle cooperating with a retaining member intended to be mounted on a second half-cover of the nacelle. The half-covers are movable relative to each other between a position spaced from each other and a close position in which they can be locked to each other by the locking device by forming a gap between them. The locking device comprises at least one wedging device positioned on the retaining member or the locking member, in the area of the gap, for calibrating the gap.
    According to the invention, the wedging device comprises a shim movable in translation. The stroke of the shim can be adjusted when the half-covers are locked to each other so that the shim abuts against a surface forming a stop formed on the locking member.
    The adjustment device may comprise a support, the wedge being mounted movable in translation along an axis A in the support and relative to the latter between a deployed position and a retracted position.
    The support may include a front wall, a rear wall opposite the front wall and a side wall connecting the front and rear walls, the front wall comprising an orifice inside which a first part of the wedge slides.
    The wedge can be mounted so as to rotate about the axis A, the wedge comprising an external surface provided with a first thread, an internal wall of the support comprising a second thread cooperating with the first thread of the wedge. The displacement of the wedge between a retracted position and a deployed position is effected by its unscrewing or its screwing.
    The external surface of the wedge is provided with first threaded grooves formed of a succession of grooves and threaded ribs, the internal wall of the support comprising second threaded grooves provided with a succession of grooves and threaded ribs. The wedge slides freely in the support when the wedges of the wedge and the grooves of the support are offset. The blocking of the shim is obtained after the rotation of the shim so that the threaded ribs of the shim are screwed into the threaded ribs of the support.
    The wedging device comprises a rod having a first end fixed to the rear wall of the support, the rod extending along the axis A. The wedge comprises a central orifice in which the rod slides when adjusting the stroke of the wedge .
    The rod is extended by a point extending along the axis A beyond the support surface of the wedge. The tip is intended to be inserted into an orifice passing through the abutment surface of the locking member when the locking member and the retaining member are in the close position.
    According to another variant, the rod comprises a flat stop. The wedge bears directly against the surface forming an abutment of the locking member, the rod being blunt and truncated so as not to protrude from the bearing surface of the wedge.
    The wedging device may include a return spring surrounding the rod and having a first end bearing against a second part of the wedge and a second end bearing against the rear wall of the support.
    The wedging device may include a locking means for locking the wedge when the half-covers are locked to one another.
    The locking means may comprise a pin mounted in translation in an orifice provided on the side wall of the support, the pin being intended to be housed in an orifice provided on the second part of the wedge to block its translation.
    The locking means may comprise a nut and a lock nut screwed onto the first thread of the first part of the wedge. The nut and the lock nut are separated by the front wall of the support and are intended to be tightened against the front wall to block the translation of the wedge.
    The locking means may comprise a grooved slide comprising a first crenellated crown on its front face intended to be pressed by the return spring on a second crenelated crown formed on a rear face of the wedge. The crenellated crowns cooperate together to slow the rotation of the wedge at least in one direction of rotation.
    The locking means may comprise an oblique wedge movable in translation moving along the rear wall of the support. The oblique wedge and the second part of the wedge comprise respective bevelled surfaces intended to come into contact with one another to block the wedge by friction.
    The locking means may comprise a holding means fixed on the side wall of the support and intended to be inserted in a housing provided on a peripheral surface of the oblique wedge to block it.
    The invention also relates to a turbojet engine nacelle comprising a front air intake section, a middle section intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, and a rear section formed from at least a first and a second half-cowl. movably mounted on a mast so as to be able to deploy each between a working position in which the half-covers are moved towards one another and a maintenance position in which the half-covers are moved apart from one another 'other.
    According to the invention, the nacelle is equipped with at least one locking device as defined above.
    The invention also relates to a method of mounting an aircraft nacelle comprising the following steps:
    unlocking or unlocking the wedging device in the retracted position, closing the half-covers, adjusting the locking member to a predetermined tension, positioning the wedge relative to the locking member and the retaining member so that the support surface of the wedge is in contact against the abutment surface of the locking member when the latter and the retaining member are in close position, in order to eliminate the play between the first half-cover and the second half-cover of the nacelle, locking of the hold in the final position, application of the final tensions on the locking devices.
    According to the invention, the wedging device comprising a shim movable in translation, the stroke of the shim relative to the locking member and to the retaining member is automatically adjusted during the step of adjusting the position of the wedge, so that the wedge abuts against a surface forming a stop formed on the locking member.
    The mounting method may include a step of blocking the translation of the wedge by a blocking means.
    The present invention thus makes a modification to the members of the locking device located opposite one another and at the location of the gap formed by the half-covers.
    It consists in introducing at least on one of the edges of the members of the locking device, a wedging device which fills and catches up the play automatically between the half-covers and thus avoids carrying out steps 2 to 7 of the adjustment process described above.
    At least one of the stops and advantageously all the stops of the prior art of the locking system are replaced by an automatic setting device for the residual play according to the invention.
    The shim (also called mobile shim or interface element) can, under certain conditions, move in and come in prominence to fill and calibrate the gap between the two half-cowls at the interface point on both sides of the locking system. .
    At the end of step 3 of the adjustment process, this shim can be moved so as to best fill the clearance existing between the two half-cowls at the interface of the locking system.
    This wedging device is then blocked by a blocking device so that it can no longer move once the adjustment is completed.
    The mobile wedge thus replaces the washers or the equivalents used in the state of the art to make up for the play between half-cowls.
    The technology proposed makes it possible to position this block and to secure it in its position without having to do this to open the half-covers.
    Several kinematics, described in more detail later, are possible including at least:
    - a smooth wedge movable in translation positioned either by the operator, or pushed against its stop by a spring forming part of the locking device, then blocked simultaneously or sequentially by a device stopping its translation (by means of a pin, a rack disengageable, any other device known to those skilled in the art). The wedge can advantageously be blocked in rotation (by splines or keying or any other anti-rotation guide means known to those skilled in the art);
    - a smooth wedge positioned by a corner with which it interfaces by a bias plane which is more or less driven vertically to adjust the stroke of the movable wedge;
    - a threaded mobile shim that the operator screws or unscrews to fill the gap and whose rotation is braked with specific devices described below (against nut, pin, ball ratchet, locking ring or any other method of braking bolts rotation known to those skilled in the art);
    - a threaded block provided with grooves which coincide with grooves in the thread of the hole in which the movable block slides, so that this block is free in translation when the grooves are opposite, and that the threads bite each other when the operator prints an appropriate rotation to the hold. The rotation of the wedge is braked by an appropriate device allowing the operator to turn it but preventing surrounding conditions from causing the wedge to spin unexpectedly (ball pawl, crown gear described below, partially deformed thread or self-braking type thread Nylstop® or any other bolt braking process known to those skilled in the art for the purpose sought here).
    This wedge will therefore easily be brought into abutment in translation and then be blocked by simple rotation by the operator.
    The device can advantageously be provided with a spring pushing the shim towards its final position in abutment on the other side of the gap to be filled.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
    Figure 1, a schematic view of a nacelle in longitudinal section;
    Figure 2, a schematic view of two half-cowl fan cowls Figure 3, a perspective view of a locking device according to one embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 4, a detailed view of the timing device according to this embodiment;
    Figure 5, a detailed sectional view of this wedging device;
    Figure 6, a view of this wedging device in abutment against a locking member when the play between the half-covers is maximum;
    Figure 7, a schematic view of this wedging device in abutment against a locking member when the play between the half-covers is minimal;
    Figure 8, a schematic view of a wedging device of a wedge according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position;
    Figure 9, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against a locking member;
    Figure 10, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against a locking member and in the locking position;
    Figure 11, a schematic view of a wedging device of a wedge according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position;
    Figure 12, a schematic view of the block abutting against a locking member with the movable block locked in position;
    Figure 13, a schematic view of a wedging device of a wedge according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position;
    Figure 14, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against a locking member;
    Figure 15, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against the locking member and in the locking position;
    FIG. 16, a schematic view of a block of a wedging device according to another embodiment of the invention, in abutment against a locking member and in the blocking position;
    FIG. 17, a schematic view of a block of a wedging device according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position;
    Figure 18, a schematic view of this wedging device in abutment against a locking member;
    Figure 19, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against the locking member and in the locking position;
    FIG. 20, a schematic view of a block of a wedging device according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position;
    Figure 21, a schematic view of the wedge in abutment against the locking member and in the locking position;
    Figure 22, a schematic view of a wedging device according to another embodiment of the invention, in abutment against a locking member and in the locking position;
    Figure 23, a perspective view of a locking device according to another embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 24, an exploded view of a locking device according to two embodiments;
    Figure 25, a sectional view of this locking device;
    Figure 26, a perspective view of a locking device according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Figures 1 and 2 show the general structure of a nacelle 1 of a turbojet engine.
    This includes a front section 49 for air intake, a middle section 50 formed from at least a first and a second half-cowl, intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine and mounted so as to be movable in rotation on a mast. 6 of an aircraft so as to be able to deploy each in a maintenance position, and a rear section 51 formed from at least first and second half-covers 4, 5 mounted movable in rotation on a mast 6 d an aircraft so as to be able to deploy each between a working position and a maintenance position.
    Each half-cover 4, 5 has the general shape approximately of a hollow half-cylinder, delimiting at least one junction area or gap 7 with the half-cover facing it.
    The lower and upper positions are also called the 6 o'clock and 12 o'clock positions, respectively.
    The junction zone or gap 7 comprises at least one locking device 9 each comprising a locking member 10 and a retaining member 11 (or latch housing) cooperating together.
    The following describes a particular application of the invention to a locking system in the aeronautical field, for greater clarity.
    However, the invention can also be applied to any lock system of any technology from the moment when it is necessary to preserve a given gap between two covers.
    The locking devices 9 may or may not be connected together so as to effect simultaneous actuation of the locking devices 9.
    The locking member 10 can be actuated between a locked state and an unlocked state with respect to the retaining member 11.
    The locking member 10 and the retaining member 11 are movable relative to one another, like the two half-covers 4, 5, between a position close to them in which they can be locked. 'relative to each other and a position spaced from each other.
    FIG. 3 shows an example of a locking device 9 (or lock) in the locked position when the two half-covers 4, 5 are brought together.
    The locking device 9 comprises a hooking mechanism comprising a hook 14 which collaborates at its end 53 with a stirrup 15. The hook 14 is connected to the body 52 of the locking member 10 on one side and on the other side of the stirrup 15 is connected to the retaining member 11.
    The members 10 and 11 have respective extensions 68 and 69 which face each other on either side of the gap 7.
    The locking member 10 is fixed to the first half-cover 4 and the retaining member 11, visible in FIG. 3, is fixed to the second half-cover 5.
    The retaining member 11 also comprises two wedges (or interface elements) 3 projecting from a first junction face 56 of the retaining member
    11. This first junction face 56 is intended to come opposite a second junction face 57 provided on the locking member 10.
    According to another variant, the positions of the locking member 10 and of the retaining member 11 can be reversed on the half-covers 4, 5.
    The two wedges 3 are arranged on either side of the stirrup 15.
    The shims 3 form a stop.
    In FIG. 4, the wedge 3 comprises a bearing surface 16 intended to come into contact against a surface forming a stop 17 of the locking member 10 when the latter and the retaining member 11 are in the close position.
    According to the invention, the wedge 3 is mounted movable in translation in the gap 7 formed between the half-covers 4, 5 when they are locked to one another, allowing the adjustment of its stroke so as to that it comes into abutment against a surface forming a stop 17 formed on the locking member 10.
    Figures 3 to 7 show a schematic view of an adjusting device 18 of a wedge 3 (or interface element) according to an embodiment of the invention.
    The adjustment device 18 comprises a support 19 intended to be fixed on the retaining member 11.
    In FIGS. 3 to 7, this support 19 is a sheath or shouldered tube which surrounds the wedge 3.
    The wedge 3 is mounted movable in translation along an axis A on the support and with respect to the latter between a deployed position in which the part of the wedge 3 is completely or partially outside the support and a retracted position in which the wedge 3 is fully or partially retracted inside the support 19.
    Thus, whatever the embodiment, the stroke of the shim 3 is adjustable as a function of the space to be filled between the first and second half-covers 4, 5 of the nacelle 1 in order to eliminate the residual play.
    The wedge 3 actually forms a stop, as said previously.
    In FIG. 5, the support 19 comprises a front wall 20, a rear wall 21 opposite the front wall 20 and a side wall 22 connecting the front and rear walls 21.
    In this example, the support 19 has a tubular shape with a circular section. It includes a housing 65 in which the wedge 3 slides.
    The front wall 20 forms a collar.
    The support 19 or shouldered sheath is fixed by the front wall 20 or flange to the retaining member 11 on a second extension 69 (described below) by at least one suitable fixing (for example a rivet).
    The front wall 20 includes an orifice 23 crossed by a first part 24 of the wedge 3.
    The wedge 3 comprises a second sliding part 25 which remains inside the housing 65 of the support 19 whatever the position of the wedge 3.
    The first part 24 and the second part 25 have a circular section.
    In FIGS. 4, 5 and 7, the first part 24 of the shim 3 comprises first threaded grooves 66, formed from a succession of grooves 70 and threaded ribs 71, cooperating with second threaded grooves (not shown) formed on the internal wall 67 of the support 19 to allow the wedge 3 to be guided.
    The surface forming a stop 17 of the locking member 10 is positioned on a first extension 68 connected to the first half-cover 4 substantially perpendicular to its surface.
    The adjustment device 18 is fixed to the second extension 69 connected to the second half-cover 5.
    The first extension 68 is substantially parallel to the second extension 69.
    The adjustment device 18 comprises a rod 29 having a first end 30 fixed to the rear wall 21 of the support 19, the rod 29 extending along the axis A.
    In the examples of FIGS. 3 to 17, the end 30 of the rod 29 is extended by a smaller diameter rod 58 inserted in a housing 59 (provided in the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    A threaded nut 60 is screwed around the smaller diameter rod 58 to fix the rod 29 to the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    The wedge 3 comprises a central orifice 31 in which the rod 29 slides during the adjustment of the stroke of the wedge 3 allowing the wedge 3 to be guided.
    The wedge 3 is movable in translation relative to the rod 29.
    The rod 29 is extended by a point 32 extending along the axis A beyond the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3.
    The tip 32 is intended to be inserted into the orifice 33 passing through the abutment surface 17 of the locking member 10 when the locking member 10 and the retaining member 11 are in the close position.
    The wedge 3 then forms a pin or socket in the shape of a point or a "spigot".
    The tip 32 of the rod 29 projects from the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 when the wedge is retracted.
    The adjustment device 18 comprises a return spring 34 surrounding the rod 29 and having a first end 35 bearing against the second part 25 of the wedge 3 and a second end 36 bearing against the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    The return spring 34 allows the shim 3 to be brought back to the deployed position.
    When the wedge 3 is in abutment against the locking member 10, the return spring 34 is compressed.
    The adjustment device 18 comprises a locking means 37 for locking the shim 3 (fig. 4, 9, 10,12).
    The movable wedge 3 slides between the support 19 (or sheath) and the rod 29 (or "spigot").
    The wedge 3 is substantially in the shape of a smooth hollow cyclinder on its internal face 74 and is provided on its external surface 26 with the first threaded splines 66, as said previously.
    The external surface 26 of the wedge 3 is therefore provided with first threaded grooves 66 formed by a succession of grooves 70 and threaded ribs 71.
    The internal wall 67 of the support 19 (or sheath) also comprises second threaded grooves 75 provided with a succession of grooves and threaded ribs.
    The shim 3 slides freely in the support 19 when the grooves 70 of the shim 3 and the grooves of the support 19 are offset, the blocking of the shim 3 being obtained after the rotation of the shim 3 so that the threaded ribs 71 of the shim 3 are screwed into the threaded ribs of the support 19.
    The rotation can be a few degrees (2 to 5 ° for example) so as to allow engagement of the threads together.
    The thread pitch of the two threaded grooves are identical. When the threaded splines 66, 75 are offset, it is possible to freely translate the shim 3.
    This wedge 3 is pushed towards the outside of the sheath or support 19 by the return spring 34.
    When the extensions 68 and 69 are opposite, the movable wedge 3 abuts on the surface forming a stop 17 of the locking member 10.
    If the adjustment of the forces is correct, it is then possible to lock the shim 3 substantially in this axial position by turning the shim 3 along its axis A by means of the hexagonal imprint 82.
    By making a fraction of a turn, the threaded grooves 66 and 75 mesh. The pitch of the threaded grooves 66 and 75 is designed to also bring out the shim 3 from the support 19.
    The axial movement of the wedge 3 is thus axially blocked.
    Figure 4 and Figure 5 show a locking means 37 which is a ball locking means (ball needle) and V-grooves which constitutes a kind of pawl. This forms a rotating brake device which is arranged in the support 19.
    Advantageously, one of the position of the balls corresponds to a position where the sliding of the wedge 3 along the main axis is free (grooves not engaged) and the next notch corresponds to a position locked axially (threads engaged).
    Figure 4 shows the mounting of a ball locking means 37 on a spring constituting a ball needle device well known in the state of the art (standard adjustment pawl).
    The hardness of the brake ball spring or springs is adjusted to allow the operator to operate in rotation by the operator acting with a key on the hexagonal imprint 82, but prevents the shim 3 from rotating under the effect of vibrations.
    FIG. 6 shows a view of this wedging device 18 in abutment against a locking member 11 when the clearance d between the half-covers 4, 5 is maximum.
    As for Figure 7, it shows a schematic view of this wedging device 18 in abutment against a locking member 11 when the clearance d between the half-caps 4, 5 is minimal.
    FIG. 8 represents a wedging device 18 of a wedge 3 according to another embodiment of the invention, in the deployed position, that is to say when it is not in contact with the locking member 10.
    FIG. 9 represents a schematic view of this wedging device 18 in abutment against a locking member 10, that is to say when the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 is in contact against a surface forming an abutment 17 of the locking member 10, when the latter and the retaining member 11 are in the close position.
    FIG. 10 represents a schematic view of this wedging device 18 in the locked position.
    The wedging device 18 comprises a support 19 intended to be fixed on the retaining member 11.
    The wedge 3 is mounted movable in translation along an axis A on the support and with respect to the latter between a deployed position (FIG. 8) and a retracted position in which the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 is in contact against the abutment surface 17 of the locking member 10 (Figures 9 and 10).
    Thus, whatever the embodiment, the stroke of the wedge 3 is adjustable according to the space to be filled between the first and second half-covers 4, 5 of the nacelle 1 to remove the play.
    The support 19 comprises a front wall 20, a rear wall 21 opposite the front wall 20 and a side wall 22 connecting the front wall and the rear wall 21 perpendicularly.
    The front wall 20 includes an orifice 23 crossed by a first part 24 of the wedge 3.
    The wedge 3 comprises a second part 25 having a larger diameter compared to that of the first part 24. In this way, the second part 25 of the wedge 3 abuts against the front wall 20 when the wedge 3 is fully deployed, limiting its stroke.
    The first part 24 and the second part 25 have a circular section.
    According to the embodiment of Figures 8 to 10, the wedge 3 is mounted movable in rotation about the axis A.
    The first part 24 of the wedge 3 comprises an external surface 26 provided with a first thread T1, and the orifice 23 of the front wall 20 of the support 19 comprises a second thread 28 cooperating with the first thread T1 of the wedge 3.
    The wedge 3 can be screwed or unscrewed in the orifice 23 to adjust its stroke, that is to say to vary its position relative to the support 19.
    Alternatively, in place of the threads, the first part 24 of the shim 3 may comprise an external surface 26 provided with grooves (not shown), and the orifice 23 in the front wall 20 of the support 19 may include ribs cooperating with the grooves to guide the wedge 3.
    The wedging device 18 comprises a rod 29 having a first end 30 fixed to the rear wall 21 of the support 19, the rod 29 extending along the axis A.
    In the examples of Figures 8 to 10, the end 30 of the rod 29 is extended by a smaller diameter rod 58 inserted in a housing 59 provided in the rear wall 21 of the support 19. A threaded nut 60 is screwed around the rod of smaller diameter 58 for fixing the rod 29 to the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    The wedge 3 comprises a central orifice 31 in which the rod 29 slides during the adjustment of the stroke of the wedge 3 allowing the wedge 3 to be guided.
    The rod 29 is extended by a point 32 extending along the axis A beyond the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3.
    The tip 32 is intended to be inserted into the orifice 33 passing through the abutment surface 17 of the locking member 10 when the locking member 10 and the retaining member 11 are in the close position.
    The wedge 3 then forms a pin or socket in the shape of a point.
    The tip 32 of the rod 29 projects from the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 when the wedge 3 is retracted.
    The wedging device 18 comprises a return spring 34 surrounding the rod 29 and having a first end 35 bearing against the second part 25 of the wedge 3 and a second end 36 bearing against the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    More specifically, the first end 35 of the return spring 34 is housed in a housing 61 formed in the second part 25 of the wedge 3.
    The return spring 34 allows the shim 3 to be brought back to the deployed position.
    When the wedge 3 is in abutment against the locking member 10 (FIG. 9), the return spring 34 is compressed.
    The wedging device 18 comprises a blocking means 37 for blocking the wedge 3.
    According to the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, the locking means 37 comprises a pin 38 mounted in translation in a direction B in an orifice 39 provided on the side wall 22 of the support 19.
    The pin 38 is intended to be housed in an orifice 40 provided on the second part 25 of the wedge 3 to block its translation along the axis A.
    The second part 25 of the wedge 3 can comprise several orifices 40 distributed over its peripheral surface in order to allow the insertion of the pin 38 for a wide variety of angular position of the wedge 3.
    FIGS. 11 and 12 represent another embodiment, similar to that of FIGS. 8 to 10. The difference lies in the fact that the rod 29 does not include a point 32.
    The rod 29 does not protrude from the bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 when the wedge 3 is retracted.
    Figure 11 shows the wedging device 18 in the deployed position and Figure 12 shows the wedging device 18 in abutment against a locking member
    10.
    The bearing surface 16 of the wedge 3 is in contact against a surface forming a stop 17 of the locking member 10 when the latter and the retaining member 11 are in close position in order to eliminate the play between the first and second half-covers 4, 5 of the nacelle 1.
    The pin 38 of the locking means 37 is housed in an orifice 40 provided on the second part 25 of the wedge 3 to block its translation along the axis A.
    FIGS. 13 to 16 represent another embodiment, similar to that of FIGS. 8 to 10. The rod 29 in this example comprises a point 32.
    The difference lies in the fact that the blocking means 37 comprises a nut 41 and a lock nut 42 screwed onto the first thread 27 of the first part 24 of the wedge 3.
    The nut 41 and the lock nut 42 are separated by the front wall 20 of the support 19.
    Figure 13 shows the wedging device 18 of the wedge 3 in the fully deployed position. The lock nut 42 is in contact with the front wall 20 of the support 19 and of the second part 25 of the wedge 3.
    FIG. 14 shows the wedge 3 in abutment against the locking member 10. The nut 41 is screwed onto the first thread 27 so as to adjust the stroke of the wedge 3. The nut 41 comes into contact with the front wall 20 of support 19.
    FIG. 15 shows the blocking means 37 blocking the wedge 3 in the retracted position.
    The lock nut 42 is screwed onto the first thread 27 until it comes into contact with the front wall 20 of the support 19.
    The nut 41 and the lock nut 42 are then tightened against the front wall 20 of the support 19 to block the translation of the wedge 3.
    FIG. 16 represents another embodiment in which the first thread 27 of the first part 24 of the wedge 3 is present. However, the orifice 23 of the front wall 20 of the support 19 does not include a second thread 28.
    The stroke of the shim 3 is only adjusted by screwing the nut 41 and the lock nut 42. The rotation of the shim 3 is not useful.
    FIGS. 17 to 19 represent another embodiment, similar to that of FIGS. 8 to 10 in which the locking means 37 comprises an oblique wedge 43 in translation moving along the rear wall 21 of the support 19.
    The oblique wedge 43 and the second part 25 of the wedge 3 comprise respective bevelled surfaces 44, 45 intended to come into contact with one another to block the wedge 3 by friction.
    The oblique wedge 43 is positioned inside the support 19 in the shape of a "U".
    The oblique wedge 43 comprises a cavity 46 traversed by the rod 29 and the return spring 34.
    The oblique wedge 43 comprises a bearing surface 47, opposite the beveled surface 44, sliding along the rear wall 21 of the support 19 in a direction B, perpendicular to the axis A.
    FIG. 17 represents the wedging device 18 in the deployed position.
    The oblique wedge 43 is in the low position (non-locked position).
    FIG. 18 shows the wedge 3 in abutment against the locking member 10. The oblique wedge 43 is always in the low position.
    The wedge 3 is only mobile in translation in the direction A. It is not mobile in rotation and does not include a thread on its first part 24.
    The first part 24 of the support simply slides into the orifice 23 when the shim 3 retracts towards the rear wall 21 of the support 19 when the shim 3 comes to bear against the locking member 10.
    FIG. 19 shows this wedging device in abutment against the locking member 10 and in the blocking position.
    When the wedge 3 retracts further towards the rear wall 21 of the support 19, the beveled surface 44 of the oblique wedge 43 and the beveled surface 45 of the wedge 3 come into contact and rub against each other when the oblique wedge 43 moves in translation in direction B. The blocking of the wedge 3 is then achieved by friction.
    Figures 20 and 21 show a wedging device 18 of a wedge 3 according to another embodiment of the invention.
    This embodiment is similar to that of FIGS. 17 to 19 with the difference that the locking means 37 additionally comprises a holding means 54 fixed to the side wall 22 of the support 19.
    The holding means 54 is preferably a spring 54 acting in compression against the oblique wedge 43.
    The spring 54 comprises a first end 56 inserted in a housing 55 provided on a peripheral surface 48 of the oblique wedge 43 to block it and a second end 52 inserted in a housing 53 provided in the side wall 22 of the support 19.
    Figure 20 shows the wedge 3 in the fully deployed position.
    The oblique wedge 43 is in the low (unlocking) position and the spring 54 is slightly compressed.
    FIG. 21 shows the wedge 3 in abutment against the locking member 10 and in the locking position.
    When the wedge 3 retracts further towards the rear wall 21 of the support 19, the beveled surface 44 of the oblique wedge 43 and the beveled surface 45 of the wedge 3 come into contact and rub against each other when the oblique wedge 43 moves in translation in direction B.
    The spring 54 is then more compressed, exerting a counter-force against the oblique wedge 43 in the direction B, directed towards the oblique wedge 43, making it possible to block it.
    Indeed, this counter force is opposed to the force which is generated by the displacement of the wedge 3 towards the oblique wedge 43. The oblique wedge 43 is blocked by these two opposing forces.
    FIG. 22 represents a wedging device 18 of a wedge 3 according to another embodiment of the invention, in abutment against a locking member 10 and in the blocking position.
    This embodiment is similar to that of FIGS. 20 and 21 with the difference that the wedging device 18 does not include a rod 29. The shim 3 is not crossed by this rod 29 and only forms a stop.
    Figures 23 to 25 show another embodiment similar to that of Figures 3 to 7.
    The external surface 26 of the wedge 3 is provided with first threaded grooves 66 formed by a succession of grooves 70 and threaded ribs 71.
    The internal wall 67 of the support 19 comprises second threaded grooves 75 provided with a succession of grooves 72 and threaded ribs 73.
    The shim 3 slides freely in the support 19 when the grooves 70 of the shim 3 and the grooves 72 of the support 19 are offset, the blocking of the shims 3 being obtained after the rotation of the shim 3 so that the threaded ribs 71 of the wedge 3 are screwed into the threaded ribs 73 of the support 19.
    The difference lies in the fact that the locking means 37 comprises a grooved slide 77 comprising a first crenellated crown 79 on its front face 80 intended to be pressed by the return spring 34 on a second crenelated crown 78 formed on a rear face 81 of the hold 3.
    The crenellated crowns 78, 79 cooperate (clutch) together to brake the rotation of the wedge 3 at least in one direction of rotation.
    Thus, the previously described ball pawl is replaced by a grooved slide 77 sliding in grooves provided inside the housing 65 of the support 19, at the rear portion 83 of the housing 65.
    The grooved slide 77 is pushed by the return spring 34 so that the crenellated crowns 78, 79 can be clutched together. The return spring 34 also pushes the shim 3 towards the outside of the support 19.
    Another mode of ratchet braking is then obtained and has the same effects as the ball ratchet. However, if the teeth of this crown are non-symmetrical and have a sufficiently steep slope on one side of this crown, it is advantageous to completely block the loosening in rotation of the wedge 3, including during the tightening phase to be carried out by the operator.
    Thus during the stalling phases, the operator can only turn in one direction, which minimizes the tolerance interval of the clamping forces.
    Another variant of this embodiment, shown in FIG. 26, consists in eliminating the splines. A system is thus obtained in which the operator will turn the wedge 3 to bring it into contact with the abutment surface 17 formed on the locking member 10 by means of the thread.
    The wedge 3 comprises a first thread 27 on its external surface 26.
    The internal wall 67 of the tube-shaped support 19 comprises a second thread 28 cooperating with the first thread T1 of the wedge 3.
    A simplified operation is obtained without the splines which "disengage" the thread when they are offset.
    The thread is always retained in rotation by the crown or ball device or any other suitable device such as lock nuts for example.
    This embodiment is described in FIGS. 13 and 14 presented above where the wedge 3 is held by at least one lock nut 41.
    As indicated in FIGS. 8 and 9 above, the support 19 can take another form than that of a sheath or a tube.
    The support 19 can be any, as long as it allows the rod 29 to be fixed.
    In this case, it is also possible to simplify the design by providing unthreaded grooves on the external surface of the wedge 3 or a simple keying acting only as anti-rotation.
    When the wedge 3 is pressed against the surface forming a stop 17 of the locking member 10, the blocking is then effected by pinning with a blocking means 37 comprising a pin 38 passing through an orifice 39 formed on the side wall 22 of the support 19 and entering the orifice 40 provided at the rear part of the wedge 3.
    It is also possible to use any other type of axial positioning system for the wedge 3 as described previously, for example in FIGS. 17 to 19.
    The position of the shim 3 is obtained by placing an oblique shim 43 vertically, either manually or using a spring 54 as illustrated in FIGS. 20 to 21.
    The locking, or positioning, of the wedge 3 is effected by means of the oblique wedge 43 which acts as a positioning cam relative to the bevelled surface 45 at the rear of the wedge 3.
    The invention also relates to a method of mounting the nacelle 1 comprising inter alia the following steps:
    opening the two half-covers 4, 5 in the maintenance position, unlocking the wedging devices 18 in the "free" position, closing the half-covers 4, 5, adjusting the locking member 10 to a predetermined tension, adjusting the the position of the wedge 3 relative to the locking member 10 and to the retaining member 11 so that the bearing surface of the wedge 3 is in contact with the abutment surface of the locking member 10 when the latter and the retaining member 11 are in the close together position, in order to eliminate the play between the first half-cover 4 and the second half-cap 5 of the nacelle 1, and application of the final tensions on the locking devices 9.
    According to the invention, the stroke of the shim 3 relative to the locking member 10 and to the retaining member 11 is automatically adjusted during the step of adjusting the position of the shim 3 by the wedging device 18 so that the wedge abuts against the abutment surface 17 of the locking member 10.
    The mounting method advantageously comprises a step of blocking the translation of the wedge 3 by a blocking means 37.
    As a variant, it is also possible to position the wedging device 18 not on the retaining member 11 but on the locking member 10, by repositioning the abutment surface 17 on the retaining member 11.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Locking device (9) for an aircraft nacelle (1) comprising a locking member (10) intended to be mounted on a first half-cover (4) of the nacelle (1) cooperating with a retaining member ( 11) intended to be mounted on a second half-cover (5) of the nacelle (1), the half-covers (4, 5) being movable relative to one another between a position spaced apart from one the other and a close position in which they can be locked to each other by the locking device (9) by forming a gap (7) between them, the locking device (9) comprising at least one device wedging (18) positioned on the retaining member (11) or the locking member (10), in the area of the gap (7), for calibrating the gap (7), characterized in that:
    the wedging device (18) comprises a shim (3) movable in translation, the stroke of the shim (3) being adjustable when the half-covers (4, 5) are locked together so as to that the wedge (3) abuts against a surface forming a stop (17) formed on the locking member (10).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Locking device (9) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment device (18) comprises a support (19), the shim (3) being mounted movable in translation along an axis (A) in the support (19) and with respect to the latter between a deployed position and a retracted position.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Locking device (9) according to claim 2, characterized in that the support (19) comprises a front wall (20), a rear wall (21) opposite the front wall (20) and a side wall (22 ) connecting the front and rear walls (20, 21), the front wall (20) comprising an orifice (23) inside which slides a first part (24) of the wedge (3).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Locking device (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wedge (3) is mounted movable in rotation about the axis (A), the wedge (3) comprising a surface external (26) provided with a first thread (27), an internal wall (67) of the support (19) comprising a second thread (28) cooperating with the first thread (27) of the shim (3), the displacement of the wedge (3) between a retracted position and a deployed position effected by its unscrewing or its screwing.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Locking device (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the external surface (26) of the wedge (3) is provided with first threaded grooves (66) formed of a succession of grooves (70) and threaded ribs (71), the internal wall (67) of the support (19) comprising second threaded grooves (75) provided with a succession of grooves (72) and threaded ribs (73), the shim (3) sliding freely in the support (19) when the grooves (70) of the shim (3) and the grooves (72) of the support (19) are offset, the blocking of the shims (3) being obtained after rotation of the shim (3) so that the threaded ribs (71) of the shim (3) are screwed into the threaded ribs (73) of the support (19).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Locking device (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wedging device (18) comprises a rod (29) having a first end (30) fixed to the rear wall (21 ) of the support (19), the rod (29) extending along the axis (A), the shim (3) comprising a central orifice (31) in which the rod (29) slides when adjusting the stroke of the wedge (3).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Locking device (9) according to claim 6, characterized in that the rod (29) is extended by a point (32) extending along the axis (A) beyond the bearing surface ( 16) of the shim (3), said point (32) being intended to be inserted into an orifice (33) passing through the surface forming a stop (17) of the locking member (10) when the locking member ( 10) and the retaining member (11) are in the close position.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Locking device (9) according to claim 6, characterized in that the wedge (3) bears directly against the surface forming a stop (17) of the locking member (10), the rod (29) being blunt and truncated so as not to protrude from the bearing surface (16) of the wedge (3).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Locking device (9) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the wedging device (18) comprises a return spring (34) surrounding the rod (29) and having a first end ( 35) bearing against a second part (25) of the wedge (3) and a second end (36) bearing against the rear wall (21) of the support (19).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Locking device (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wedging device (18) comprises a locking means (37) for locking the wedge (3) when the half-covers (4, 5) are locked to each other.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Locking device (9) according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means (37) comprises a pin (38) mounted in translation in an orifice (39) provided on the side wall (22) of the support ( 19), the pin (38) being intended to be housed in an orifice (40) provided on the second part (25) of the wedge (3) to block its translation.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Locking device (9) according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means (37) comprises a nut (41) and a lock nut (42) screwed onto the first thread (27) of the first part ( 24) of the shim (3), the nut (41) and the lock nut (42) being separated by the front wall (20) of the support (19) and being intended to be tightened against the front wall (20) to block the translation of the wedge (3).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Locking device (9) according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means (37) comprises a grooved slide (77) comprising a first crenellated crown (79) on its front face (80) intended to be pressed by the return spring (34) on a second crenellated crown (78) formed on a rear face (81) of the block (3), said crenelated crowns (78, 79) cooperating together to slow the rotation of the block (3 ) at least in one direction of rotation.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Locking device (9) according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means (37) comprises an oblique wedge (43) movable in translation moving along the rear wall (21) of the support (19) , said oblique wedge (43) and the second part (25) of the wedge (3) comprising respective bevelled surfaces (44, 45) intended to come into contact with one another to block the wedge (3) by friction.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Locking device (9) according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking means (37) comprises a holding means (54) fixed on the side wall (22) of the support (19) and intended to s' insert into a housing (55) provided on a peripheral surface (48) of the oblique wedge (43) to block it.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Nacelle (1) of a turbojet engine comprising a front section (49) for air intake, a middle section (50) intended to surround a fan of the turbojet engine, and a rear section (51) formed from at least first and second half-covers (4, 5) movably mounted on a mast (6) so as to be able to deploy each between a working position in which the half-covers (4, 5) are brought together the other and a maintenance position in which the half-covers (4, 5) are spaced from each other, characterized in that the nacelle (1) is equipped with at least one locking device (9 ) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. A method of mounting a nacelle (1) for an aircraft comprising two half-covers (4, 5) intended to be fixed to each other by at least one locking device (9) comprising a locking member (10) intended to be mounted on a first half-cover (4) of the nacelle (1) cooperating with a retaining member (11) intended to be mounted on a second half-cover (5) of the nacelle (1) , the half-covers (4, 5) being movable relative to each other between a position spaced from each other and a close position in which they can be locked to each other by the locking device (9) forming a gap (7) therebetween, the locking device (9) comprising at least one wedging device (18) positioned at the location of the gap (7) on the member retainer (11) or the locking member (10) for calibrating the gap (7), said method comprising the following steps:
    unlocking or unlocking the wedging device (18) in the retracted position, closing the half-covers (4, 5), adjusting the locking member (10) at a predetermined tension, adjusting the position of the wedge (3) relative to the locking member (10) and to the retaining member (11) so that the support surface of the wedge (3) is in contact against the abutment surface of the locking member (10 ) when the latter and the retaining member (11) are in close position, in order to remove the play between the first half-cover (4) and the second half-cover (5) of the nacelle (1), locking of the shim (3) in the final position, application of the final tensions on the locking devices (9), characterized in that:
    the wedging device (18) comprising a shim (3) movable in translation, the stroke of the shim (3) relative to the locking member (10) and to the retaining member (11) is automatically adjusted during the step of adjusting the position of the shim (3), so that the shim (3) abuts against a surface forming an abutment (17) formed on the locking member (10).
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. The mounting method according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises a step of blocking the translation of the wedge (3) by a blocking means (37).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3081444B1|2020-05-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20150167586A1|2012-08-27|2015-06-18|Aircelle|Assembly for holding the interface of a front frame of a nacelle and a turbojet engine casing|
    US20170174352A1|2015-12-22|2017-06-22|Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg|Engine cowling|
    US20170369189A1|2016-06-23|2017-12-28|General Electric Company|Wireless aircraft engine communication system|FR3108097A1|2020-03-10|2021-09-17|Safran Aircraft Engines|POSITIONING DEVICE FOR A NACELLE HOOD OF AN AIRCRAFT PROPELLER ASSEMBLY|
    FR3108581A1|2020-03-26|2021-10-01|Airbus Operations |Aircraft nacelle comprising a cowl and an automatically controlled locking device limiting the deformation of the cowl|
    法律状态:
    2019-04-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-11-29| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20191129 |
    2020-04-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-04-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1854457|2018-05-25|
    FR1854457A|FR3081444B1|2018-05-25|2018-05-25|LOCKING DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT|FR1854457A| FR3081444B1|2018-05-25|2018-05-25|LOCKING DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT|
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